Federal censuses took place from the year 1790 on every ten years. There are some state census years between the Federal censuses. You can get the census data in the USA in the bigger libraries on CD-ROM. A list of the data you can get with each census see below.
In Germany it is not so easy to get these data: any help is highly appreciated.
| The informations on the US Federal Census from 1790-1920 |
| 1790 |
Name of family head, free white males of 16 years and up; free white males, under 16; free white females; slaves. [more] |
| 1800 |
Names of family head; if white, age and sex; race; slaves. [more] |
| 1810 |
Names of family head; if white, age and sex; race; slaves. [more] |
| 1820 |
Name of family head; age; sex; race; foreigners not naturalized; slaves; industry (agriculture, commerce, and manufactures). |
| 1830 |
Name of family head; age; sex; race; slaves; deaf and dumb; blind; foreigners not naturalized. |
| 1840 |
Name of family head; age; sex; race; slaves; number of deaf and dumb; number of blind; number of insane and idiotic and whether in public or private charge; number of persons in each family employed in each of six classes of industry and one of occupation; literacy; pensioners for Revolutionary or military service. |
| 1850 |
Name; age; sex; race; whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic; value of real estate; occupation; birthplace; whether married within the year; school attendance; literacy; whether a pauper or convict. Supplemental schedules for slaves, and persons who died during the year. |
| 1860 |
Name; age; sex; race; value of real estate; value of personal estate; occupation; birthplace; whether married within the year; school attendance; literacy; whether deaf and dumb; blind, insane, idiotic, pauper, or convict; number of slave houses. Supplemental schedules for slaves, and persons who died during the year. |
| 1870 |
Name; age; race; occupation; value of real estate; value of personal estate; birthplaces; whether parents were foreign born; month of birth if born within the year; month of marriage if married within the year; school attendance; literacy; whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic; male citizens 21 and over, and number of such persons denied the right to vote for other than rebellion. Supplemental schedules for persons who died during the year. |
| 1880 |
Address; name; relationship to family head; sex; race; age; marital status; month of birth if born within the census year; occupation; months unemployed during the year; sickness or temporary disability; whether blind, deaf and dumb, idiotic, insane, maimed, crippled, bedridden, or otherwise disabled; school attendance; literacy; birthplace of person and parents. Supplemental schedules for persons who died during the year. |
| 1890 |
General schedules most destroyed by a fire in the National Archives in 1921 (Read more at this site: 1890 census). Supplemental schedules for Union veterans of the Civil War and their widows. |
| 1900 |
Address; name: relationship to family head; sex; race; age; marital status, number of years married; for women, number of children born and number now living; birthplace of person and parents; if foreign born. year of immigration and whether naturalized; occupation; months not employed; school attendance; literacy; ability to speak English; whether on a farm; home owned or rented and if owned, whether mortgaged. |
| 1910 |
Address; name; relationship to family head; sex; race; age; marital status; number of years of present marriage; for women, number of children born and number now living; birthplace and mother tongue of person and parents; if foreign born, year of immigration, whether naturalized, and whether able to speak English, or if not, language spoken; occupation, industry, and class of worker: if an employee, whether out of work during year; literacy; school attendance; home owned or rented; if owned, whether mortgaged; whether farm or house; whether a survivor of Union or Confederate Army or Navy; whether blind, deaf and dumb. |
| 1920 |
Address; name; relationship to family head; sex; race; age; marital status; if foreign born, year of immigration to the U.S., whether naturalized, and year of naturalization; school attendance; literacy; birthplace of person and parents mother tongue of foreign born; ability to speak English; occupation, industry, and class of worker; home owned or rented; if owned, whether free or mortgaged. |
| * The census records 1930 and 1940 are not currently available for viewing by the public. The US Government has mandated that the records be closed for 72 years after the census was taken. The 1930 census will be open after 2002. |